# BPC-157 References: The Studies and FDA Sources Cited

> The full reference list behind this BPC-157 reading — peer-reviewed studies on mechanism, pharmacokinetics, tissue repair, and human pilots, plus the FDA sources for its 503A legal status, with DOIs, PMIDs, and URLs.

The complete citation list behind this site — peer-reviewed BPC-157 research and the FDA regulatory sources, with DOIs, PMIDs, and links you can check.

## How to read this list

Every quantitative claim on this BPC-157 site maps to a numbered entry below. The research citations cover mechanism, pharmacokinetics, tissue repair, and the human pilot studies; the final entries are the FDA and federal sources behind the [BPC-157 legal status](/legal-status) page. Where a study is paywalled, the PubMed or DOI link still resolves to the abstract and metadata. Animal-model figures are reported as study parameters, not human guidance, throughout.

## References

[1] Staresinic M, et al. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 accelerates healing of transected rat Achilles tendon and in vitro stimulates tendocytes growth. J Orthop Res. 2003;21(6):976-983. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14554208/
[2] He L, et al. Pharmacokinetics, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of body-protective compound 157, a potential drug for treating various wounds, in rats and dogs. Front Pharmacol. 2022;13:1026182. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36588717/
[3] Hsieh MJ, et al. Therapeutic potential of pro-angiogenic BPC157 is associated with VEGFR2 activation and up-regulation. J Mol Med (Berl). 2017;95(3):323-333. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27847966/
[4] Xue XC, et al. Protective effects of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on gastric ulcer in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2004;10(7):1032-1037. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15052688/
[5] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol. 2021;12:627533. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34267654/
[6] Lee E, Padgett B. Intra-Articular Injection of BPC 157 for Multiple Types of Knee Pain. Altern Ther Health Med. 2021. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34324435/
[7] Lee E, Walker C, Ayadi B. Effect of BPC-157 on Symptoms in Patients with Interstitial Cystitis: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2024. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39325560/
[8] Multifunctionality and Possible Medical Application of the BPC 157 Peptide — Literature and Patent Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(2):185. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005999/
[9] BPC 157 Therapy: Targeting Angiogenesis and Nitric Oxide's Cytotoxic and Damaging Actions. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(10):1450. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41155565/
[10] Lee E, Burgess K. Safety of Intravenous Infusion of BPC157 in Humans: A Pilot Study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40131143/
[11] McGuire FP, et al. Regeneration or Risk? A Narrative Review of BPC-157 for Musculoskeletal Healing. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2025. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40789979/
[12] Protective Effects of BPC 157 on Liver, Kidney, and Lung Distant Organ Damage in Rats with Acute Pancreatitis. Medicina (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):291. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40005408/
[13] Tracheocutaneous Fistula Resolved by Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy Through the NO-System. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2026;19(1):145. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41599743/
[14] Sikiric P, et al. Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy and Safety Key: A Special Beneficial Effect Following Intoxications. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025;18(6):928. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40573323/
[15] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Certain Bulk Drug Substances for Use in Compounding That May Present Significant Safety Risks (Category 2; BPC-157 entry effective September 29, 2023). FDA.gov. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/certain-bulk-drug-substances-use-compounding-may-present-significant-safety-risks
[16] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. July 23-24, 2026: Meeting of the Pharmacy Compounding Advisory Committee (agenda lists BPC-157, KPV, TB-500, and MOTs-C as substances being considered for inclusion on the 503A Bulks List). FDA.gov. https://www.fda.gov/advisory-committees/advisory-committee-calendar/july-23-24-2026-meeting-pharmacy-compounding-advisory-committee-07232026
[17] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Bulk Drug Substances Used in Compounding Under Section 503A of the FD&C Act (Category 1 and Category 2 definitions; bulks-list and PCAC nomination framework). FDA.gov. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/human-drug-compounding/bulk-drug-substances-used-compounding-under-section-503a-fdc-act
[18] U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Human Drug Compounding — Sections 503A and 503B of the FD&C Act (licensed-prescriber evaluation, patient-specific prescription, 503A compounding pharmacies and 503B outsourcing facilities, and ingredient-eligibility rules). FDA.gov. https://www.fda.gov/drugs/guidance-compliance-regulatory-information/human-drug-compounding

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A chalkboard reading of the BPC-157 research record — every figure chalked to its study, no clinic at the board and nothing here for sale.